Appendix II: Data Tables on Athletes Most at Risk

At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most at risk of being subjected to any kind of hazing for athletics were:

Male (p=.0009)
Non-Greek (p=.0012)
Swimmers or divers (p=.00001)
Soccer players (p=.0083)
Lacrosse players (p=.0016)
In the east or south (p=.0017)
On a rural campus (p=.0016)
On a residential campus (p=.0014)
On a campus with a Greek system (p=.0113)
In a state with no anti-hazing law (p=.0139)

Although a Greek system on campus is a significant predictor of hazing, it is particularly non-Greeks, however, who are most likely to be involved with athletic hazing.

Profile of Athletes Who Were Hazed and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender
	%	#
Male	% 62	# 155,781
Female	% 38	# 96,860

Greek
	%	#
Member	% 11	# 27,354
Not Member	% 89	# 224,261

On Athletic Scholarship
	%	#
Yes	% 36	# 91,154
No	% 64	# 160,799

NCAA Div.
	%	#
Division I	% 41	# 104,052
Division II	% 22	# 55,501
Division III	% 37	# 93,088

Ethnicity
	%	#
Caucasian	% 90	# 226,254
African-American	% 5	# 11,516
Other	% 5	# 13,752

Region
	%	#
East/NE	% 41	# 95,153
South	% 20	# 47,025
Midwest	% 20	# 46,986
West	% 19	# 43,848

Residential
	%	#
Residential	% 85	# 205,998
Commuter	% 15	# 34,978

Location
	%	#
Urban	% 32	# 72,984
Suburban	% 36	# 83,678
Rural	% 32	# 74,890

Greek System
	%	#
Yes	% 74	# 184,304
No	% 26	# 63,967

State Law In Place
	%	#
Yes	% 92	# 209,346
No	% 8	# 18,067

Type
	%	#
Public	% 41	# 97,432
Private	% 59	# 141,356

When viewing specific groups of athletes, however, we find the picture is somewhat more complex. Using the four groups of athletes defined based on the general severity of their activities, the following tables provide profiles of athletes in each of the four groups:

Acceptable Initiation Activities Only
Questionable Initiation Activities, not clearly unacceptable
Alcohol-related Initiation Activities, not otherwise unacceptable
Unacceptable Initiation Activities, other than alcohol-related

Unacceptable Initiation. At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most at risk of being subjected to clearly unacceptable and potentially illegal initiation activities, regardless of the involvement of alcohol, are:

Male (p=.0001)
Swimmers or divers (p=.0001)
Football players (p=.005)
Water polo players (p=.024) (98% confidence level)
In the south or mid-west (p=.009)

Profile of Athletes Who Were Hazed and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender
	%	#
Male	% 60	# 95,557
Female	% 40	# 63,266

Greek
	%	#
Member	% 12	# 18,264
Not Member	% 88	# 140,031

On Athletic Scholarship
	%	#
Yes	% 35	# 55,983
No	% 65	# 102,693

NCAA Div.
	%	#
Division I	% 43	# 68,003
Division II	% 20	# 31,841
Division III	% 37	# 58,978

Ethnicity
	%	#
Caucasian	% 94	# 148,542
African-American	% 3	# 4,051
Other	% 3	# 5,651

Region
	%	#
East/NE	% 43	# 63,020
South	% 18	# 26,222
Midwest	% 22	# 32,899
West	% 17	# 25,149

Residential
	%	#
Residential	% 87	# 131,828
Commuter	% 13	# 20,118

Location
	%	#
Urban	% 32	# 45,770
Suburban	% 35	# 51,316
Rural	% 33	# 48,334

Greek System
	%	#
Yes	% 76	# 118,260
No	% 24	# 38,231

State Law In Place
	%	#
Yes	% 93	# 132,232
No	% 7	# 10,711

Type
	%	#
Public	% 40	# 60,803
Private	% 60	# 98,679

Questionable Initiations. At a confidence level of 96 percent, athletes most at risk of being subjected to questionable, but not unacceptable, initiation activities were: football players (p=.001) in the south or west (p=.0001).

Profile of Athletes Subjected to Questionable Initiation and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender
	%	#
Male	% 63	# 135,046
Female	% 37	# 80,792

Greek
	%	#
Member	% 10	# 22,288
Not Member	% 90	# 102,736

On Athletic Scholarship
	%	#
Yes	% 37	# 79,268
No	% 63	# 135,882

NCAA Div.
	%	#
Division I	% 41	# 88,545
Division II	% 22	# 48,421
Division III	% 37	# 78,873

Ethnicity
	%	#
Caucasian	% 89	# 191,653
African-American	% 5	# 10,637
Other	% 6	# 12,428

Region
	%	#
East/NE	% 41	# 81,736
South	% 21	# 41,520
Midwest	% 20	# 39,286
West	% 18	# 35,831

Residential
	%	#
Residential	% 85	# 175,417
Commuter	% 15	# 30,597

Location
	%	#
Urban	% 32	# 62,390
Suburban	% 37	# 72,754
Rural	% 32	# 62,801

Greek System
	%	#
Yes	% 74	# 157,370
No	% 26	# 54,286

State Law In Place
	%	#
Yes	% 92	# 179,155
No	% 8	# 15,534

Type
	%	#
Public	% 41	# 83,002
Private	% 59	# 120,471

Acceptable Initiation. At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most apt to be involved in only acceptable initiation were:

Female (p=.014)
Greek members (p=.001)
Track (p=.009)
Fencing (p=.014)
Tennis players (p=.038) (97% confidence level)
In the mid-west or west (p=.039) (97% confidence level)
On commuter campuses (p=.002)
On urban campuses (p=.043) (96% confidence level)

Profile of Athletes Involved in Only Acceptable Initiation and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender
	%	#
Male	% 56	# 34,707
Female	% 44	# 27,180

Greek
	%	#
Member	% 17	# 10,558
Not Member	% 83	# 51,023

On Athletic Scholarship
	%	#
Yes	% 36	# 22,070
No	% 64	# 39,817

NCAA Div.
	%	#
Division I	% 42	# 25,935
Division II	% 19	# 11,598
Division III	% 39	# 24,355

Ethnicity
	%	#
Caucasian	% 90	# 54,906
African-American	% 4	# 2,640
Other	% 6	# 3,099

Region
	%	#
East/NE	% 32	# 17,645
South	% 20	# 11,060
Midwest	% 28	# 15,133
West	% 20	# 11,109

Residential
	%	#
Residential	% 81	# 46,356
Commuter	% 19	# 11,018

Location
	%	#
Urban	% 37	# 19,950
Suburban	% 34	# 18,445
Rural	% 29	# 15,927

Greek System
	%	#
Yes	% 73	# 44,941
No	% 27	# 16,286

State Law In Place
	%	#
Yes	% 93	# 50,486
No	% 7	# 3,714

Type
	%	#
Public	% 38	# 21,712
Private	% 62	# 35,395

When the use of alcohol, either during recruitment or later in a drinking contest, is considered the dominant factor, the picture shifts again.

Alcohol on Recruitment. At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most at risk of consuming alcohol on recruitment were:

On athletic scholarship (p=.0001)
NCAA Division I (p=.0001)
Swimmers or divers (p=.0001)
Lacrosse players (p=.0001)
Football players (p=.0001)
Soccer players (p=.013)
In the east (p=.017)
On rural (p=.005), residential campuses (p=.0001)
In a state with an anti-hazing law (p=.0001)

Profile of NCAA Athletes Consuming Alcohol on Recruitment Visits and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender
	%	#
Gender	%	#
Male	% 62	# 83,956
Female	% 38	# 52,205

Greek
	%	#
Member	% 14	# 18,765
Not Member	% 86	# 117,227

On Athletic Scholarship
	%	#
Yes	% 42	# 57,596
No	% 58	# 78,194

NCAA Div
	%	#
Division I	% 47	# 64,285
Division II	% 20	# 26,785
Division III	% 33	# 45,091

Ethnicity
	%	#
Caucasian	% 93	# 125,478
African-American	% 3	# 4,129
Other	% 4	# 5,973

Region
	%	#
East/NE	% 43	# 55,040
South	% 20	# 24,855
Midwest	% 21	# 26,932
West	% 16	# 20,200

Residential
	%	#
Residential	% 87	# 113,051
Commuter	% 13	# 16,359

Location
	%	#
Urban	% 30	# 37,218
Suburban	% 34	# 41,760
Rural	% 36	# 44,257

Greek System
	%	#
Yes	% 80	# 107,463
No	% 20	# 27,112

State Law In Place
	%	#
Yes	% 93	# 113,977
No	% 7	# 8,822

Type
	%	#
Public	% 42	# 53,282
Private	% 58	# 74,664

Drinking Contests for Athletic Team Initiation. At a confidence level of 99 percent, athletes most at risk of being subjected to drinking contests for athletic team initiation were:

Swimmers or divers (p=.0001)
Lacrosse players (p=.0001)
Hockey players (p=.039) (97% confidence level)
In the east (p=.0001)
On rural campuses (p=.032) (97% confidence level)
On residential campuses (p=.0001)
In a state with no anti-hazing law (p=.026)

Profile of Athletes Participating in Drinking Contests for Initiation and Profile of Their Campuses

Gender
	%	#
Male	% 61	# 66,528
Female	% 39	# 42,992

Greek
	%	#
Member	% 11	# 12,374
Not Member	% 89	# 96,859

On Athletic Scholarship
	%	#
Yes	% 38	# 40,961
No	% 62	# 68,189

NCAA Div.
	%	#
Division I	% 38	# 41,361
Division II	% 35	# 37,324
Division III	% 37	# 40,835

Ethnicity
	%	#
Caucasian	% 94	# 102,390
African-American	% 2	# 1,700
Other	% 4	# 5,018

Region
	%	#
East/NE	% 47	# 48,214
South	% 16	# 16,251
Midwest	% 19	# 19,528
West	% 18	# 17,896

Residential
	%	#
Residential	% 88	# 91,560
Commuter	% 12	# 12,888

Location
	%	#
Urban	% 32	# 31,920
Suburban	% 32	# 31,350
Rural	% 36	# 35,662

Greek System
	%	#
Yes	% 75	# 80,317
No	% 25	# 27,444

State Law In Place
	%	#
Yes	% 91	# 90,262
No	% 9	# 9,436

Type
	%	#
Public	% 41	# 42,269
Private	% 59	# 60,044